Gods or God Free Essays

1. Mary Lefkowitz responds to the charges by some secular commentators that religion â€Å"‘poisons’ human life and causes endless violence and suffering† by stating that the â€Å"poison isn’t religion; it’s monotheism. † 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Gods or God? or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"Openness to discussion and inquiry† and â€Å"[r]espect for a diversity of viewpoints† are some attitudes that contributed to the Athenian idea of â€Å"the cooperative system of government †¦ called democracy. † 3. The existence of many different gods offers a more reasonable explanation than monotheism of â€Å"the presence of evil and confusion in the world. † A mortal â€Å"may have had the support of one god but incur the enmity of another, who could attack when the patron god was away†; however in the monotheistic traditions, â€Å"God is omnipresent and always good† and â€Å"mortals must take the blame for whatever goes wrong,† even though God permits evil to exist in the world he created. 4. The separation between humankind and the gods made it possible for humans â€Å"to speculate about the character and intentions of the gods. † Greek theology allowed people to ask hard questions and encouraged others to learn and to seek all the possible causes of events. Such questions brought philosophy and science to the world. 5. Lefkowitz writes, â€Å"Ancient Greek religion gives an account of the world that in many respects is more plausible than that offered by the monotheistic traditions. † In this context, â€Å"plausible† seems to mean â€Å"reasonable. † The Greek account may be more â€Å"plausible† because â€Å"Greek theology openly discourages blind confidence based on unrealistic hopes that everything will work out in the end. † 6. Lefkowitz certainly makes an excellent point and I definitely agree with her. Religion today seems to be focused too much on blind belief. Thinking seems to create a healthier environment and some â€Å"healthy skepticism† would definitely be helpful currently in such a stubborn world. How to cite Gods or God?, Papers

Big Data and Political Social Networks

Question: Discuss about the Big Data and Political Social Networks. Answer: Introduction In the present situation, a shadow has been cast on the Internet, Web and its associated entities with the explosion of data that has occurred in the last few years considering the interaction between the systems and people at multiple touch points(Anshul Sharma, 2014). This big entity which is occurring in various touch points, and as explained earlier, its general behavior is referred to as Big data. Some a while ago, Megabytes and Kilobytes used to be the utilities used in the combination of all data existing in the world. However, due to ever growing and continuous associations between systems and people, has led to rapid data growth to which new concepts such as Terabytes, Zettabytes, Gigabytes, and Petabytes have been introduced to help in computing done in the world. Researchers and theorists have propagated that Internet data would be more than the entire capacity of the living species brain(Rambola, 2016). The advancements in technology have been continuously taking place ac ross all the spheres. The main reasons that have been promoting this exponential growth are the advancements made in the storage, communications, digital sensors, and in the computation, that have established massive data collection. As explained earlier, the generation of data is through varied sources which are utilized by multiple firms to understand and run different situations of business which aid them to run and understand their operations. (Rambola, 2016) explains that when the data above is examined through different methods and sources of analyzing data, it aids the businesses in their interpretation of marketing trends, studying the behaviors of customers, and taking financial and strategic decisions. When Big Data is defined, often people forget to explain that the same comprises of Datasets that are huge and which cannot be efficiently managed by the conventional systems of data management, which is denoted often by RDBMS, which is an acronym for Relational Database Man agement Systems(Anshul Sharma, 2014). These datasets mostly extend from Exabytes to Zettabytes. Big data is not really a new term(Sabitha M.S, 2015). Companies have been having huge volume of data warehouses and databases for centuries. The only distinction is how complicated it is, its size, and its growth speed. Conventional RDBMS is not enough to process the data that is big. It needs effective and efficient technology process efficiently big volume of data(Rambola, 2016). Contemporary technologies and the cloud based utilities are applied to curb the limitations of conventional RDBMS. Twitter, LinkedIn, Google, Facebook, and Amazon needed database management tools to handle the complicated and dynamic sets of data. These organizations initiated NoSQL. NoSQL are very crucial in order for the businesses to handle big datasets generated through IoT, Huge Data, big users, and cloud computing(Rambola, 2016). SQL is not used as a querying language by the NoSQL but is a database management tool in the architecture that is distributed. However, NoSQL is not another RDBMS. The big data amount that this paper has discussed about, that is extracted from people and system interactions, which includes interactions across social networks, mobile phones, and credit cards devices, is not utilized completely and hence some resides in servers that are unknown, in a form that is unutilized and unstructured for an extended period of time. Nonetheless, in the present situation, with the Big Data evolution, the said data can be accessed and examined to generate useful information. Based on the data from Big information technology companies, quintillions od data is created in a single day. The data that is exist today in the world, 90% of it has been generated in the last two years(Rambola, 2016). The data is sourced from various sources. Some of those sources include digital videos and pictures, mobile phones and associated signals of GPS, Social media activities, transactional records of selling and purchasing, etc. In the present situation data exists anywhere an d everywhere in varied formats such as texts, numbers, videos and images(Rambola, 2016). Data in itself has an exponential growth pace; however, this enormous data collection has several critical issues related with it, and problems which can be categorized as rapid data, transfer speed, security issues, and diverse data. What the Big Data Means When Big Data is spoken about; it is identified often as a catch phrase or a jargon which refers to huge volume of structured and unstructured data that consists huge datasets which are difficult to process by using database management techniques that are old(Rambola, 2016). The big size and capacity of big data has in itself the ability that can help businesses in arriving at a data driven, intelligent, and far better decisions that can help the organizations to improve their operations. In the most scenarios of the organizations, it is identified easily as either the data volume is moves to fast or is too big, or the data surpasses the current processing and storage capacity(Hakan zkse, 2015). The insights that organizations obtain from the data is used to help the organizations achieve the revenue increase, gain competitive advantage, and establish exemplary customer retention rates. To achieve efficiently and effectively all these, the organizations should be able to capture or c ollect data, manipulate, format and store the data after analyzing it. Big data is a term and a term can be interpreted in different ways, through which the same concept can be defined many definitions.(James Manyika, 2011) Defines big data as the amount of data that surpasses the technological capacity to process, manage and store it efficiently. (Dazhi Chong, 2015)explains that it is a concept which defines high-volume, high-speed, high-tech, multivariate and complex data to capture, analyze, manage, store, and distribute the information. According to (Hakan zkse, 2015), big data is high variety information assets with high velocity, high volume that needs new processing forms to facilitate the discovery of insight, decision making and optimization of processing. Big data technologies are new generation architectures and technologies designed to obtain value from high volume multivariate sets of data effectively through discovery, high speed capturing and analyzing (Rambola, 2016). (Ibrahim Abaker Targio Hashem, 2015)defines huge data by integrating several literature definitions as: The cluster of technologies and methodologies in which new forms are combined to expose the values that are hidden in complex, high volume, and diverse sets of data. Based on the definitions, by simply looking at the data sizes, it is enough to get an understanding oversite that traditional techniques are not effective in examining big data sets. Therefore, in order to compliment these methods, new technologies and techniques are required. Real Life Applications of Big Data In the society, business community, and in science and technology, the Big Data has several advantages. Under this section, this study discusses some of the advantages of big data. In the modern world, this is one of the Big Data uses that is highly publicized. Big Data is utilized here to help in understanding of the customers, their preferences and behavior. Organizations are keen to extend their old data sets using browse log, data from social media, as well assessor data and text analytics(Hakan zkse, 2015). This is in order to help the organization get the complete image of their customers. In most instances, creating predictive models is the main objective of the organizations using big data. Big data is increasingly being used in the optimization of business processes. Based on forecasts generated from web search trends, social media and weather forecasts, retailers are able to use that information to optimize their stock. Big data analytics are also being used to improve Human Resource business processes(Anshul Sharma, 2014). This consists talent acquisition optimization and the measurement of the culture of the organization and the engagement of the staff through the application of Big data. Research and Science is being transformed currently by the new potentials that are brought by big data(Anshul Sharma, 2014). For instance, the Swiss nuclear physics lab, CERN, the worlds most powerful and largest particle accelerator, experiments to find out how the universe was initiated and how it works. This is conducted through the analyzing of huge amounts of data generated from various sources. The data center at CERN has close to 66000 processers that are used to analyze its 30 data petabytes(Anshul Sharma, 2014). Nonetheless, it applies the power of computing of many computers that are evenly distributed across more than 149 data centers globally to examine the data. Such powers of computing can be used to transform many other research and science area. The power of big data analytics computing enables people to decode all strings of DNA in a short period of time. This allows the medical practitioners to predict and understand the patterns of diseases and establish cures(Rambola, 2016). The future clinical experiments may not be restricted on small samples. But they may include every individual in the area of experiment target. Optimizing Device and Machine Performance Big data analytics help devices and machines become autonomous and smarter. For instance, big data tools are applied the operation on Googles self-car driving. GPS, sensors, powerful computers, and Cameras are fitted on vehicles such as Toyota Prius to make enable them drive without human beings safely. Big Data tools are also utilized in the energy grid optimization using smart meters data(Rambola, 2016). Big data can even be used in the optimization of data warehouses and computer performance. In the modern world, big data has found significant application in the High Frequency Trading (HFT)(Rambola, 2016). In this area, there is the use of algorithms of big data to make financial trading decisions. Currently, several trading of equity takes place through the use of data algorithms that is takes into account the social media signals and websites to sell and buy items in split seconds. Big data is heavily applied in the improvement of security and in the enforcement of law. Some of the revelation is that the National Security Agency (NSA) in the United States applies the analytics of big data to stop the attack plots by the terrorists(Rambola, 2016). Other uses of big data are in the detection and prevention of cyber-attacks. In the police force, police officers use big data techniques to arrest criminals including the detection of criminal related activities. The companies specializing in the credit card integrate the application of big data analytics to detected transactions that are fraudulent. Conclusion In the present situation, a shadow has been cast on the Internet, Web and its associated entities with the explosion of data that has occurred in the last few years considering the interaction between the systems and people at multiple touch points. This big entity which is occurring in various touch points, and as explained earlier, its general behavior is referred to as Big data. Big data technologies are new generation architectures and technologies designed to obtain value from high volume multivariate sets of data effectively through discovery, high speed capturing and analyzing. In the society, business community, and in science and technology, the Big Data has several advantages. Big Data is used in optimizing and understanding business process, improving customer relation, improving public healthcare, optimizing device and machine performance, financial trading improvement, and in the law enforcement and security improvement. References Anshul Sharma, a. P. G., 2014. Analyzing Big Data. International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing, 3(9), pp. 56-68. Axel Maireder, B. E. W. H. G. d. Z. . i. a. S. S., 2017. Big Data and Political Social Networks: Introducing Audience Diversity and Communication Connector Bridging Measures in Social Network Theory. Social Science Computer Review, 35(1), pp. 126-141. Dazhi Chong, a. H. S., 2015. Big data analytics: a literature review, s.l.: s.n. Hakan zkse, a. E. S. A., 2015. Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow of Big Data. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195(1), pp. 1042-1050. Ibrahim Abaker Targio Hashem, I. Y. N. B. A. S. M. A. G. a. S. U. K., 2015. The rise of big data on cloud computing: Review and open research issues. Information System, p. 98115. James Manyika, M. C. B. B. J. B. R. D. C. R. A. H. B., 2011. Big data: The next frontier for innovation, competition, and productivity, s.l.: McKinsey Global Institute. Rambola, T. A. a. R. K., 2016. Literature Review On Big Data. International Journal of Advancement in Engineering Technology, Management Applied Sciences, 3(5), pp. 21-40. Sabitha M.S, S. a. R. S., 2015. International Journal for Research in Applied Science Engineering Technology (IJRASET). Big Data Literature Survey, 3(8), pp. 318-323.

Environment and Development for Economic Growth

Question: Discuss about the Environment and Development for Economic Growth. Answer: The 21st century is marked by the struggle to attain continuous economic development for the developing countries and the final phase of economic growth for the developed nations. This effort to achieve economic growth has led to high mass consumption, which has an enormous effect on the environment (Dixon, Scura, Carpenter Sherman, 2013). This quest for economic growth has thus become a concern to the environmentalists and has led to a critical question, "Is there a possibility of economic development without environmental harm?" The research, therefore, will seek to investigate this issue and establish a position. To achieve this objective, research will use factual evidence and statistics. Besides, the study will give a conclusion and postulate recommendations. Economic development is the sustainable increase of a country's productive prospective. Fundamentally a country's economic growth is measured in terms growth in per capita income and its productive ability. As a consequence, global economic ranking is based on GDP (Gross Domestic Product) and the economic development pointers like industrial growth rate (Pearce, Barbier Markandya, 2013). Economic growth is dependent on the growth of the industries which are supplied with raw material from the environment. The main aim of such industries is the economic growth and improvement of living standard of people. In fact, such industries are not concerned with improvement of the environment. It is explicit that the rapid expansion of industries globally has led to massive damage to the environment because these industries rely on the natural resources found in the environment to operate (Tietenberg Lewis, 2016). The world economy is, therefore, facing critical challenges related to environm ental depletion. Economic development and environment preservation are two interconnected realities which are not contradictory. However, economic development has severe effects on the environment (Baek Kim, 2013). Significance of the Research The relationship between environment and the economic development is a relevant topic because governments and entrepreneurs globally are seeking on how to strike a balance between the two to ensure sustainable development. Besides, the research will create a deeper understanding on contentious issues like recycling policy, climate change policy, and nuclear power policy. The research will also inform the public on how some economic activities and policies affect environment. Economic analysis of the developing countries will help in understanding whether environment hinder economic prosperity (Miller, Kim Holmes, 2015). This analysis will further understanding on themes such as inequality and poverty in the developing countries. Similarly, the research will establish a link between renewable and exhaustible resources and production and how they contribute to either environmental degradation or economic development. Investigation to this critical question is thus fundamental for form ulation of developmental strategies and for developing countries. Background of the Problem The link between economic development and the environment has been, is, and will continue as a contentious issue. The issue has remained controversial because of the divergent schools of thought. One school of thought holds that failing to deal with global warming, emerging pollution challenges, and the surging population in developing countries are grave environmental challenges. On the other hand, another school of thought believes that improvement of living standards through technological advancement and industrial expansions are essential marks of economic growth which has no impact on the environment. These opinions though not inconsistent, call for a deeper exploration of the link between economic development and the environment (Pettinger, 2014). Furthermore sustainable economic development has been adopted as a political agenda globally since the link between economic growth and environment was recognized. Evolution of this idea can thus be attributed to three specific international conferences. Which include; The World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg in 2002, The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, and The United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm in 1972 (Baek Kim, 2013). The recommendations of these conferences form the core of this idea. Varied schools of thought have thus given different definitions of sustainable economic development. The most agreed definition is sustainable economic development as progress that caters for the needs of the people without interfering with the environment. However, this understanding of sustainable economic development has metamorphosed as result of diverse opinions on this topic. Importantly, all t hese school of thought agree that sustainable economic development should happen in a friendly environment. Bibliography Atkinson, G., Dietz, S., Neumayer, E., Agarwala, M. (Eds.). (2014). Handbook of sustainable development. Edward Elgar Publishing. Baek, J., Kim, H. S. (2013). Is economic growth good or bad for the environment? Empirical evidence from Korea. Energy Economics, 36, 744-749. Boj, J., Mler, K. G., Unemo, L. (2013). Environment and development: an economic approach (Vol. 6). Springer Science Business Media. Castiglione, C., Infante, D., Smirnova, J. (2015). Environment and economic growth: is the rule of law the go-between? The case of high-income countries. Energy, Sustainability and Society, 5(1), 26. Eriksson, C. (2013). Economic Growth and the Environment: An Introduction to the Theory. Oxford University Press. Lewis, W. A. (2013). Theory of economic growth (Vol. 7). Routledge. Motel, P. C., Choumert, J., Minea, A., Sterner, T. (2014). Explorations in the Environment- Development dilemma. Environmental and Resource Economics, 57(4), 479. Rodrik, D. (2014). The past, present, and future of economic growth. Challenge, 57(3), 5-39. Schurr, S. H. (2013). Energy, economic growth, and the environment (Vol. 7). Routledge. Uddin, G. A. (2016). Population changes and implications for economic growth and the environment in Australia (Doctoral dissertation, University of Southern Queensland). Yang, J., Zhang, Y., Meng, Y. (2015). Study on the impact of economic growth and financial development on the environment in China. J Syst Sci Inf, 3(4), 334-347. Baek, J., Kim, H. S. (2013). Is economic growth good or bad for the environment? Empirical evidence from Korea. Energy Economics, 36, 744-749. Dixon, J., Scura, L., Carpenter, R., Sherman, P. (2013). Economic analysis of environmental impacts. Routledge. Miller, T., Kim, A. B., Holmes, K. (2015). 2015 Index of economic Freedom. Washington DC: The Heritage Foundation. Pearce, D., Barbier, E., Markandya, A. (2013). Sustainable development: economics and environment in the Third World. Routledge. Pettinger, T. (2014). ECONOMIC: Helping To Simplify Economics. Retrieved 4 April 2017, from https://www.economicshelp.org/blog/11516/environment/economic-system-environment/. Tietenberg, T. H., Lewis, L. (2016). Environmental and natural resource economics.

Strikes in the Union Essay Example

Strikes in the Union Essay Labour unions are, as we know, specifically exempted from the antitrust laws, and so the proposal is natural enough merely to remove the exemption. This would clearly be desirable in a number of situations in which unions do with impunity in the product market what business men may not do, and in others where unions become virtually agents in mutually beneficial deals with business men whereby the law is circumvented. But it is not clear to me how the courts would apply the law in the crucial areas of collective bargaining, strikes, boycotts, and picketing, for instance. The anti-trust laws as they stand are not directed to these matters, and sooner or later a set of principles appropriate to them must be evolved. It would seem to me that it is specific legislation designed for the labor area that is needed, and that only the greatest confusion could result from merely asking the courts to apply the anti-trust laws as they stand to labor unions.The weapons of labor in its struggle ag ainst capital arefew, but powerfulthe strike, picketing, the boycott, sabotage, mass protest and demonstration. However, changes have occurred in the form and the extent of their application. These changes have been the result, in large part, of labors increasing awareness of the strength of the weapons and of a greater knowledge of their use; in part, these changes have been adaptations to aggressions or recessions by employers and to interference by the government or intrusion by social agencies. Thus a strike can be the spontaneous, scattered, and chaotic walkouts of the railroad strikes in 1877, or the disciplined and well-organized walkout of the textile workers at Lawrence in 1912; it can take the form of the localized and isolated protest by the southern Colorado coal miners in 1913, or the federated nation-wide drive by all the steel crafts in 1919; it can serve as a symbol of sympathy and support, like the refusal of the railway workers in 1894 to handle Pullman cars, or as a demand for the release of political prisoners, like the demonstration strike of 1912 in behalf of Ettor and Giovannitti, or as a mass defense against a concerted employer-offensive, like the San Francisco general strike of 1934 (Babson, 1984).Capital, on its side, likewise has developed methods of controlling labor during times of peace and of defeating it in times of strife. Some of these methods are overt, such as the lockout, the hiring of armed guards, and the importation of strike-breakers; others, like espionage and the blacklist, are covert. Furthermore, in welfare work and the company union, capital has found more subtle and insidious means of controlling labor, splitting its ranks, and dissipating its force. Any doubt concerning the effect of welfare work, whether so intended or not, is dissolved by a study of the absolute domination over labor gained by the Pullman Palace Car Company or the United States Steel Corporation through their welfare systems. Any uncertainty c oncerning the purpose of the company union, no matter what its alleged intention, is clarified by a study of the conception and birth of the Rockefeller Industrial Representation Plan during and after the Colorado coal strike of 1913-1914. During the progress of the struggle between capital and labor, the government, whether city, county, state, or federal, has interfered often and has rarely proved itself impartial or neutral (Jeffrey-Jones, 1978).Nor should this intervention be unexpected, if it is remembered that the government was established on the principles of freedom of contract (at least for labor) and private property (Frazier, 1962). No amount of verbal artifice can conceal the fundamental opposition of organized labor to these two principles. When workers demand the eight-hour day or an increase in wages, they automatically invade the right of the employer to the full use of his property and the freedom of other workers to work a longer day or for lower wages if they so choose. When workers strike for recognition of their union and then picket in order to render the strike effective, they at once restrict the freedom of other workers to work where they please, with or without union affiliation, and the employers expectancy (which has been decreed a property right by the Supreme Court) to hire workmen. It is not strange, therefore, that in protecting the principles of private property and freedom of contract the government, almost without exception, sends its police, sheriffs, militia, and federal troops to help crush strikes. Nor is it strange that the courts sustain the dispatch of the governments forces against the strikes, by causing the arrest of workers on such charges as vagrancy, picketing, contempt of court, riot, and rebellion. Even legislation, perhaps in a more oblique manner, frequently operates against labor during a strike; for example, the Sherman Anti-Trust Act and the Interstate Commerce Act, while ostensibly enacted to curb the mo nopolistic tendencies of industry and commerce, served to father the labor injunction at the time of the Pullman strike of 1894 (Foulkes, 1980).In the same way, such social agencies as the press, the radio, the pulpit, the movies, and the schools are conservative, in the sense that they act to conserve the existing economic and political set-up of society, and to defend the principles upon which it is erected. As a result, they assist in suppressing any serious outbreak of labor that occurs, whether in the deliberate and conscious manner of the council of newspaper publishers that directed the San Francisco press in its onslaught upon the general strike of 1934, or in the naà ¯ve and unconscious manner of the New England clergyman who, in vindication of the 12-hour day in the steel industry, cited the words of the Toiler of Galilee-I must work the works of him that sent me while it is day; for the night cometh when no man can work† (Foulkes, 1980).The struggles of labor for b etter working and living conditions have led it to combine in organizations both for mutual assistance and for mutual protection. While many of these organizations were short-lived, as was the American Railway Union founded in 1893 by Eugene V. Debs, others existed over a period of years (and continue to exist) and exercised a steady influence upon the ideology and practice of organized labor in the United States. All degrees of attitude toward capital, the government, and society are represented in these organizations. The Brotherhoods of railroad workers, originally fraternal societies which slowly acquired the trade-union function of collective bargaining, have retreated gradually from the principle of collective bargaining to the policy of partial collaboration with capital and regulation by the government. Likewise, a large part of the American Federation of Labor has exhibited an inclination toward the idea of coà ¶peration with capital and the practice of mediation and arbit ration. On the other hand, the Chicago anarchists of 1886 and the Industrial Workers of the World renounced coà ¶peration with employers and condemned arbitration as enervators and partitioners of the ranks of labor. Between these two groups there developed a sharp conflict; one group was conservative, the other radical, in the sense that it wished to get at the root of labors difficulties in the existing society and, if necessary, to change the basis of that society. As a consequence, interwoven in the struggles of labor can be detected the influences of anarchism, syndicalism, communism, and other doctrines for the conversion of society. In other words, labor was led from its immediate desire for higher wages and fewer hours to an examination of causative defects in the structure of society (Foulkes, 1980).Besides the primary cleavage in organized labor between the conservative and radical factions, other secondary cleavages appeared as new problems of procedure and theory arose, bringing with them corresponding differences of opinion concerning their proper solution. Tactics were tried, discarded, tried again. Violence was answered at different times with the boycott, sabotage, counter-violence. Mass picketing was the reply to the labor injunction, mass protest and demonstration to the partiality of the courts. Certain problems recurred again and again, and some of them still trouble American labor organizations. One is the question of the Negro. Unless organized labor can agree upon a method of including him in its ranks, he will continue to be, as in the steel strike of 1919, a depressor of wages and a potential strike-breaker. Another problem, even more pressing, is that of craft versus industrial unionism. Shall craft unions, like most of those in the steel industry, be the structural unit of a nation-wide organization of labor? Or shall all the workers in an industry, regardless of skill or special craft, be included in one industrial union, capable o f united and simultaneous action? A third problem is dual unionism. Dissatisfaction with the conservatism of existing organizations, uneasiness concerning the official scabbing induced by craft unionism, inability to get rid of the wellestablished officialdom of trade-unionsall these have led to the formation of rival unions. Thus in 1912, the I.W.W., in opposition to the existing United Textile Workers of America, organized the workers in the entire textile industry of Lawrence, Massachusetts. More recently, the Communists have organized such dual unions as the National Textile Workers Union and the National Marine Workers Union (Barrett, 1987).An increasing number of unions and employee associations in public service are reexamining the use of strikes to resolve contract disputes. For many years, government employee unions voluntarily included no-strike pledges in their constitutions or operated under longstanding resolutions condemning strikes. However, at their 1968 conventions, two postal unions, the Fire Fighters, and the National Association of Government Employees deleted their no-strike clauses and directed further studies on the strike issue.These changes in attitude toward the strike occur at the end of a decade during which the number of strikes by public employees has risen steadily. In 1966-67 alone, strikes in the public sector, at the state and local levels, caused more idle man-days and involved more workers than strikes in all the preceding eight years ( 1958-65).Federal antistrike laws date from a 1912 prohibition directed at postal employees, who were granted the right to organize but were not allowed to join unions asserting the right to strike. Over the years this bar was extended to cover other Federal employees.Nearly two million school children throughout the country were denied critical days of education when the fall term began. . . [in 1967] because of disagreements between their teachers and boards of education. Breakdowns in negot iations between the parties over wages, classroom discipline, and managerial responsibility brought a rash of teachers strikes in New York, Michigan, Illinois, Kentucky, Florida and elsewhere. These strikes, and those of other public employees such as firemen, policemen, transit workers, garbage collectors, and social workers. . . raise serious questions for the public. Are such strikes increasing in number? Why do they occur? Can they be avoided, or hopefully even eliminated? (Barrett, 1987)We have all learned to live with occasional strikes in private industry. Why do we inject a different standard in public employment? Certainly the airline strike in the summer of 1966 caused some disappointment among vacationers and businessmen alike, and the Ford strike of 1967 delayed sporting new auto models to our neighbors. But by and large, these interruptions in industrial service and production are sufficiently irregular and sufficiently remote from our immediate needs, that we have come to accept them as a cost of the free labor market.Employees of Federal, state and local governments long protected by civil service rules have belatedly awakened to the fact that workers holding the same jobs in private industry have for a third of a century had the legal protection of the right to form, join and assist labor organizations of their own choosing, to engage in collective bargaining, and to withhold their services if offered conditions of employment that were judged unacceptable. As the services of government move more and more into tasks traditionally performed by privately employed workers, such as provision of light and power, housing, and recreational facilities, there are bound to be more demands for those rights long guaranteed to private industry employees.This is coupled with the fact that conditions of workers in private industry have surpassed or caught up with those of the public employee. Employees in private industry can win higher pay, shorter hours and better working conditions much more rapidly in an expanding economy, particularly in an era of even mild inflation. Any increased costs are easily passed on to the consumer. Government workers, on the other hand, once wage leaders, tend to be held back in their wage expansion by increasing demands for government services, and protests over rising budgets and tax rates. The existing legislative process of fixing civil service wages is slower, less responsive to direct worker pressures than is collective bargaining. These factors all help to create a wider and wider disparity between levels of compensation for comparable work in private industry and public employment. But, if this difference is not enough to spark public employee unrest, there are also wage disparities within the public employment industry itself (Jeffrey-Jones, 1978).A few craft unions in public employment, such as building-trades and building-service unions, have been successful through legislation and political pre ssure in achieving agreement to pay to those in public employment the prevailing rates obtainable by their union brethren in private industry. This tends to arouse further the jealousy of other public employees who have lacked the political strength to obtain concessions matching private employment benefits. This disparity may well increase in the future if wages in private industry take an inflationary turn.This contrast in levels of compensation has led trade unions traditionally active only in private industry, such as the Teamsters Union, the Common Laborers and District Fifty of the United Mine Workers, to begin organizational activities among public employees, particularly as their private industry membership remains constant or shrinks. Public employment is the fastest growing industry in the United States, making it an attractive area for the unions to begin organizing. More and more unions are likely to enter this field, thus increasing competition among unions to gain cont rol of this unorganized group.

8 Ways to Optimize Your LinkedIn to Get the Job You Want

8 Ways to Optimize Your LinkedIn to Get the Job You Want LinkedIn is a useful and necessary career tool for almost everyone. But it can also be a fabulous job search tool. Trouble is, the ways in which this is true aren’t usually clear to a casual user. For example: If you’re just updating your profile and waiting to be discovered by recruiters or headhunters, then you can probably expect to wait a long time. This is true even if your profile is all a profile should be: with a professional photo, relevant job and education info, and nifty use of all the available bells and whistles for resume optimization. However, if you start to think of LinkedIn as a massive database and resource available to you, then you might actually stand a chance of getting a job through the site. You can spare yourself an enormous amount of legwork by checking up on companies, see who you know at any given firm, and even see what that company might be looking for.Here are a few strategies to help you get hired.1. Follow the companies you’d li ke to join one day.Choose 5-10 companies you might like to work for someday and follow them on LinkedIn. It’s a great way to learn extra intel about these companies that could be useful in an interview situation. You can even limit the companies you follow to ones that are close enough to your geographical location to be within range.2. Get more connections.You can increase your connections using the Advanced Search tool. Search for alumni of every school you’ve attended, former colleagues, even employees at companies you’d like to work for. Reach out ambitiously for connections. Join groups and follow their news feeds for more leads.3. Ask for recs.Recommendations are easy to ask for on LinkedIn. Getting managers, employees, and coworkers to post reviews on your profile can really help sell your candidacy to other jobs. When asking, however, try to personalize the standard message to ask for what you need, but also what that person might be most inclined or inf ormed to comment about.4. Stay active.Don’t just let your profile sit there, even if it’s great. Join groups and post in them. Engage with others’ content. Comment on news feeds from companies you like. Post articles that are relevant to your industry- this can make you look informed and engaged (and hirable!). Even just liking someone’s post can lead to a new connection.Quick tip: turn off your activity broadcasts (in your privacy settings) so that every one of your connections don’t receive an alert every time you add a website to your profile. Keep your broadcasts content-related and weighty.5. Use job alerts.You set up job alerts on all other job search sites, why not LinkedIn? The benefit here is that LinkedIn will give you access to the hirer/recruiter posting the job, so you’ll have somewhere to address your materials immediately. You can even start lining these alerts up before you’re ready to apply for jobs, just to be prepar ed and know what’s out there in your chosen field.6. Make your headline.Your headline actually matters. Think of it as your online brand. It’s the first and only thing a user will see when first searching for you. Your headline might be the thing that makes them click on your profile and read it, or even add you as a contact!7. Ask for introductions.You find you have a friend of a friend in a position to help you or hire you? Ask your friend to make an introduction. You can even ask passively, by using the â€Å"Get an Introduction† function (the arrow to the right of the â€Å"Send a Message† link).8. Get started.This is all great advice. Don’t file it away for â€Å"whenever you’re ready to start looking.† Most of these strategies will be most effective if you’ve built them up over a few months and then can wield them to their full benefit when the time comes for you to hunt.

A position for the development of a moral corporate culture Essay

A position for the development of a moral corporate culture - Essay Example The paper tells that when corporations fail to make profits and lose to the competition, they will try to find solutions to restructure their business. When corporations do this, they should be more concerned about providing services that are ethical and will provide better customer service. Corporations get their revenue from consumers otherwise they will not make money. In fact, successful corporations should collect data on most of the issues the world is facing today and make the best strategy on how they can eliminate such issues. There are some particular directions that would achieve â€Å"Moral Corporation,† which are providing equal employment, eliminating discrimination, and preserving the environment. Having a moral corporation is good because it gives back to the community. How this can be done is by putting into place protective measures for the environment, organizing and writing a code of ethics, and choosing to provide help in world issues staff are interested in. This paper seeks to study why Moral Corporation and the relevance of corporate culture and ethics to Moral Corporation. It is found that moral culture and ethical behaviors are necessary for the sustainability of the corporations as well as environmental protection and development for sustainable development of society. Corporations are made up of persons. A corporation can be as responsible as a citizen. Responsibility goes hand in hand with rights and duties. Living a life with morals is a personal responsibility of an individual. If the corporations can enjoy legal rights of the citizens, for example, to sue and to be sued, responsibility automatically devolves on them. The negative externalities refer to environmental consequences of business decisions. When a company manufactures a product, environmental pollution arising out of such activity is borne by the society. This effect on society or cost relating to it is not factored into the pricing of the products. Therefore, t he producers should be made responsible for these costs associated with negative externalities and their customers should bear this cost.

Continuation of Design principles 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Continuation of Design principles 3 - Essay Example The detailed architectural model is used to achieve the level of security in the system, the performance of the system as well as the effectiveness and efficiency (Coulouris, Dooimore, and Kindberg, 2001). There are three (3) forms of the system architecture include: the client based, server based and the client-server architecture. As the proposed system for ‘Electronic Credit Checking and Mortgage Approval’ is online, therefore, I have chosen the client server architecture. Architecture Design The client-server architecture for the proposed system that presents the client has to place a request to the web server by utilizing the web browser (Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, etc.). The web browser takes the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) request, Files Transfer Protocol (FTP), data, etc. to the web server of the Mortgage Company; the web server would interact with the database server for the relevant information. The database server would send a SQL query to the da tabase and the database returns the information against the query. The database server would reply to the web server with the information received from the database. The web server would display the information on the web browser of the client. The web application would be deployed on the web server or application server; the database server would contain the database as shown in the following diagram (Kambalyal, n.d). The system architecture that has been used for deploying the web application is 3-tier architecture that provides higher flexibility; high security can be implemented at each level of the service, and high performance due to sharing of tasks between servers, moreover, it can be extended (scalable) with the requirements of the Mortgage Company (Kioskea, 2012). Design Notes The client has to use the web browser to access the web application over the internet, in order to provide security the client’s request has to be passed through the firewall deployed in the c omputer network. The firewalls not only filter the outbound traffic (the clients outside of the Mortgage Company) but also filter the inbound traffic (the clients / employees of the company) (Vicomsoft, 2012). The servers would process the request of the client and returns the required information in the form of HTML, JavaScript, PHP / ASP.Net etc. The same process would be followed whenever the client requests the information from the servers. USER INTERFACE DESIGN Process In order to design the user interface, I have chosen the first use case (process) – the online application for registration with the bank (Mortgage Company). This selected process would be initiated by the client when he / she want to register him / her with the company by providing the requisite information. Upon successful completion of the registration process, an acknowledgement would be issued by the company containing user name and password of the client. The client has to provide information / data, the system / web application would perform the validations to check whether the format of the entered data is correct for the respective field. If the format of the